CT scan of a dog – preparing the dog for a CT scan
Computed tomography (CT) is an advanced diagnostic procedure that produces very detailed images of the inside of an animal’s body. A CT scan allows the veterinarian to accurately assess the dog’s health, diagnose injuries, inflammatory lesions and birth defects, as well as detect early stages of cancer, offering the chance for faster and more effective treatment. Tomography involves exposure to X-rays, so it should always be performed under the supervision of a specialist. What is the procedure for animals? Is any preparation required? Is it safe? In this article we will try to answer these questions.
Computed tomography (CT) in animals
Computed tomography is a radiological examination that uses X-rays to produce images of the structures being examined and to identify any structural abnormalities. United Imaging CT scanners incorporate innovative solutions that enable three-dimensional reconstruction of images. Computed tomography is one of the most accurate and valuable imaging tests available today. It provides far more information than conventional radiography or ultrasound. Until recently only available for humans, it is now an invaluable aid in the diagnosis of companion animals.
Preparing the dog for a CT scan
Computed tomography allows for very accurate diagnosis of orthopaedic, neurological and oncological cases. The animal must be properly prepared for the scan and detailed instructions on how to do this are available at each clinic. First and foremost, the owner must ensure that the pet is fasted for eight hours before the test and does not drink for at least two hours before the appointment. It is also a good idea to bring along the results of a creatinine level test, which allows the staff to check that the pet’s kidneys are working properly before administering contrast, and an echocardiogram for pets over six years old.
As the pet will not be able to lie still for the entire scan, it will be given a sedative or tranquilliser – a small dose as the scan will not take long.
On the day of the scan, the owner must also bring a referral signed by the veterinarian indicating the location of the lesion to be scanned.
CT scan of a dog – indications
CT scan is an excellent test for diagnosing:
- Chest – to identify inflammatory lesions in lung tissue and congenital vascular malformations, and to detect cancer metastases.
- Abdomen – to assess structural changes in organs and the extent of neoplastic lesions when ultrasound findings are inconclusive, as well as in cases of congenital vascular malformations.
- Head – particularly in cases of head trauma when time is of the essence, as well as for the detection of neoplastic brain lesions, congenital malformations, hydrocephalus, evaluation of nasal and paranasal cavities, and lesions associated with brachycephalic breed syndrome.
- Spine – particularly in cases of acute limb paresis (suspected discopathy), post-traumatic lesions and cancer.
Contraindications – when should a dog not undergo a CT scan?
The scan is completely painless, but because it involves X-rays, not every animal can undergo it. Another problem is the need for anaesthetics and sometimes contrast media, to which some dogs can react badly. Dogs that are not suitable for CT scanning include:
- Pregnant bitches – X-rays can be harmful to foetal development. Sedatives and contrast media can also be dangerous.
- Elderly dogs – unfortunately, anaesthesia can be fatal for geriatric pets.
- Dogs with cardiovascular and systemic disease – certain conditions, such as heart defects, emphysema or certain brain lesions, are also contraindications to CT scanning.
- Dogs that are allergic to iodine, contrast media or other anaesthetics – the examination is also not recommended in these cases.
Side effects in dogs following anaesthesia before a CT scan
The anaesthesia used for CT scans in dogs can have several side effects. Some of these are:
- Lethargy and weakness after anaesthesia, which is a normal reaction to anaesthetics.
- Some dogs may vomit after anaesthesia, which may be due to a reaction to the drugs or the stress associated with the scan.
- In rare cases, breathing difficulties may occur, particularly in dogs with pre-existing heart or respiratory problems.
- Dogs may become dehydrated if they have been fasting for a long time prior to the examination, which may lead to further complications.
- Following anaesthesia, some dogs may become more agitated or aggressive, which may be due to stress or side effects of the drugs administered.
*IMPORTANT! The information contained in this article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. Each case should be evaluated individually by a veterinarian. Consult with your doctor before making any health decisions.