Dental X-ray
Using this procedure, dentists can accurately assess the condition of the teeth, jawbones and surrounding tissues, which is crucial in planning effective treatment. Dental X-rays can identify many problems, such as caries, periodontal disease, cysts, as well as cancerous lesions. Using X-ray images, dentists can see cavities that are not visible to the naked eye, which makes it possible to take prevention or treatment measures earlier.
Applications of X-rays in dentistry
X-ray (radiography) is widely used in dentistry as a diagnostic tool that enables accurate imaging of tooth structures, bones and surrounding tissues. The main applications of X-rays in dentistry are:
- Caries diagnosis – X-ray helps detect cavities in areas that are difficult to see with the naked eye, such as interdental spaces or under fillings.
- Bone condition assessment – X-ray allows assessment of bone density and structure, which is important in diagnosing periodontal disease and in planning implant treatment.
- Root canal treatment – during endodontic (root canal) treatment, X-ray is used to assess the length of root canals, determine their shape, and check the quality of root canal filling after treatment.
- Detection of pathological lesions – radiography allows identification of lesions such as cysts, tumours, abscesses, or periapical lesions.
- Evaluation of tooth alignment – in orthodontics, X-rays are used to assess tooth alignment and monitor the progress of orthodontic treatment.
Types of X-ray images used in dentistry
Bitewing images are taken to evaluate tooth crowns and interdental spaces, mainly to detect caries.
Periapical images are detailed images of one or more teeth from the crown to the root apex.
Panoramic radiographs (pantomograms) give a general picture of all teeth, temporomandibular joints and sinuses.
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used for more detailed analysis, especially in complex cases (such as implant planning).
How to prepare for a dental X-ray?
Preparing for a dental X-ray is fairly straightforward and involves no complicated steps. If the patient is pregnant or suspects that she may be pregnant, she should inform her dentist, as pregnancy is the only contraindication to this examination. In this case, X-ray imaging is usually postponed or additional protective measures are taken.
Before taking a dental X-ray, all jewellery (e.g., earrings, chains) as well as glasses should be removed from the head, neck and ear area. Metal objects can interfere with the image, making it unreadable.
How is a dental X-ray performed?
The patient wears a lead-lined protective apron to protect him or her from unnecessary radiation exposure. In some cases, a protective collar is also worn. The patient is asked to remove jewellery, glasses and any removable dentures that could interfere with the image. Depending on the type of examination, the appropriate image carrier (film, digital sensor or phosphor plate) is placed in the patient’s mouth. It can be placed in a holder that the patient holds between his or her teeth.
A dental X-ray involves a brief exposure to X-rays that lasts only a fraction of a second. During the exposure, it is important that the patient remain still to ensure a clear image. Depending on diagnostic needs, the procedure may be repeated for different teeth or parts of the mouth.
Once the examination has been completed, the patient can remove the protective apron and any other protective items. The dentist can immediately discuss the results of the examination with the patient and suggest a treatment plan, if necessary.
If a traditional film is used, the image must be developed in a darkroom. With modern digital X-ray machines, the image is immediately displayed on the computer screen. The dentist analyses the images acquired to diagnose dental problems such as caries, periodontal disease, bone lesions, impacted teeth, etc.
Why are dental X-rays important?
Dental X-rays are an extremely important diagnostic tool in dentistry that allows precise treatment planning and control. Dental radiography applications include detecting caries, evaluating tooth roots, diagnosing lesions and monitoring treatment progress. Although X-rays are used, these examinations are safe if performed as directed and under the supervision of qualified professionals.
The use of dental X-rays greatly improves the quality and effectiveness of dental treatment, and contributes to a better understanding of oral cavity conditions. Regular check-ups and proper hygiene and prevention can make a significant difference in dental and gum health, which is crucial to a patient’s overall well-being.
*ATTENTION! The information contained in this article is for informational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Each case should be evaluated individually by a doctor. Consult with him or her before making any health decisions.
