Computed tomography is an advanced imaging technique that allows accurate imaging of the orbital anatomical structures, using X-rays and advanced computer technology. This examination is particularly useful in cases of trauma, chronic inflammation, cancer and other pathologies that can affect the health and function of the orbits.

Computed tomography is a key tool in modern medicine, allowing doctors to accurately assess internal anatomical structures. This makes it possible to accurately diagnose and monitor a variety of conditions, which is crucial for effective treatment and planning further medical interventions.

Course of the examination

During an orbital CT scan, the patient is asked to lie down on a special table. This table subsequently moves inside the CT scanner, which takes a series of X-ray images. These images are then processed by a computer to produce accurate and detailed two- or three-dimensional images of the patient’s orbits. The examination is painless and usually lasts from a few to several dozen minutes depending on the complexity of the procedure.

If contrast enhancement is required, the agent is administered intravenously, which may cause a brief warm sensation or metallic aftertaste in the mouth. Very rarely, allergic reactions may occur, and therefore the patient should remain under observation immediately after the study to ensure that there are no adverse effects. This period of observation usually lasts several dozen minutes and its purpose is to ensure the patient’s safety.

After the examination has been completed, the patient can return to daily activities unless otherwise advised. The results of the examination are subsequently analysed by a radiologist who prepares a detailed report for the attending physician. On this basis, the doctor makes decisions about further treatment or possible additional diagnostic tests.

Preparation for the examination

Preparation for orbital CT depends on whether contrast agent is to be administered. If the administration of a contrast agent is required, the patient should be fasted for at least four to six hours before the CT scan. Blood tests should also be performed to assess renal function, as kidneys are responsible for excreting contrast from the body.

Before the examination, the patient must remove any metal objects from the head and the surrounding areas, such as jewellery, glasses or hearing aids, since these can interfere with the quality of the images. It is also a good idea to come to the examination at least 15 minutes in advance so that the patient has ample time to fill out a form about his or her health condition and sign a consent form for the CT scan. The patient should also bring certain documents such as the referral for the examination, results of previous imaging studies and current laboratory results.

Contraindications to orbital CT scanning

Orbital CT scans involve exposure to X-rays, which can be harmful in high doses, so this examination is not recommended for pregnant women unless absolutely necessary. While the radiation dose received during a CT scan is higher than with a standard X-ray, modern CT scanners are designed to minimise the risk to the patient. Regular CT examinations may increase the risk of cataracts, therefore the decision to perform the examination is always made by the doctor who must take into account the balance of benefits and potential risks.

Indications to the examination

Orbital CT scans are performed in a variety of clinical situations. The most common indications for this examination are:

• diagnosis after head and orbital trauma to assess the extent of damage and plan treatment;
• detecting tumours inside the orbit and assessing their size and spread;
• diagnosing chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rhinosinusitis, which may affect the orbits;
• assessment of blood vessel pathologies, such as aneurysms;
• detection of foreign bodies within the orbits whose presence may be the result of trauma.

Where can an orbital CT scan be performed?

Orbital CT scans can be performed at specialised medical facilities, such as hospitals, clinics and private medical imaging centres. The patient should in each case consult the attending physician who can advise on the appropriate facility based on the patient’s individual diagnostic needs. This examination can also be reimbursed by the National Health Fund. To be eligible for reimbursement, the patient must have a valid referral from a physician.

An orbital CT scan is an extremely useful diagnostic tool that allows precise imaging of internal anatomical structures. It enables the detection and accurate assessment of many pathologies, which is crucial for proper treatment planning. Despite its relatively high cost, the precision and diagnostic value of an orbital CT scan make this examination invaluable in many cases.

*ATTENTION! The information contained in this article is for informational purposes and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Each case should be evaluated individually by a doctor. Consult with him or her before making any health decisions.